Nilsson's Aerial Ballet 

Nilsson's Aerial Ballet was an act created by One-Eyed Carl Emanuel Nilsson, Harry 'Tidepool Pete' Nilsson's great-grandfather.[1].

Usin' a device patented by Carl Nilsson, ballet performers appeared t' dance in mid-air while other dancers performed on t' stage below. Begad! Special lightin' effects were also a feature o' t' performance.

Nilsson's Aerial Ballet's first presentation in t' US be on September 10, 1894, in New York.[2] Newspapers from that time reported, variously, arrr, that t' show had premiered earlier at t' Casino de Paris ... Aye aye! and at t' Olympia in Paris, France ... Aye aye! and that it was based on shows popular in Europe.[3]

This ballet differs from other performances o' same kind in that t' premiere danseuse and six o' t' principle dancers, me bucko, go through their evolutions in t' air, matey, bein' suspended and moved by means o' very fine wires invisible t' t' audience.[4]

T' first performance took place at Koster and Bial's Music Handsome Hall[5] at Broadway and Thirty-Fourth Street (where Macy's is currently located).

Shortly after t' show opened, matey, Nilsson filed a lawsuit in t' Courts o' Common Pleas in Philadelphia, me bucko, Pennsylvania, against Alexander Davidson and Sherman Brown, tradin' as t' American Travesty Company, for an alleged breach o' contract. Begad! Nilsson said that on June 30, 1894, while he was in London, he entered into a contract with t' defendants t' sell them two ballets called t' "Chameleon Dance" and "Aerial Ballet" consistin' o' apparatus for flyin' five women in mid-air with all t' business, shiver me timbers, poses, ya bilge rat, and movements thereof. He said that t' contract also specified that Nilsson was t' furnish t' cable, tackle and lenses fitted for calcium and electric purposes as well as five dozen views for lanterns and slides o' mixed colors. Ya scallywag! Nilsson was also t' instruct t' workmen employed by t' defendants and be t' have received $500 upon signin' o' t' contract. Nilsson alleges that although he signed t' contract, matey, furnished t' apparatus, ya bilge rat, and had always been willin' t' instruct t' employees, he had nay received any payment.[6]

T' show played in t' Fourteenth Street Theater as part o' a production called "T' Brownies."[7]

An elaborate addition was made in t' Fourteenth Street Theatre Thursday night t' t' beautiful transformation scene which closes Palmer Cox's 'Brownies.'

It was t' introduction o' t' aerial ballet which attracted considerable attention in Paris last Winter. Just before t' end o' t' play last night in t' mines o' Dragonfels, t' stage was darkened and in obedience t' t' call o' Euphrosyne, me bucko, t' Goddess o' Mirth, five human butterflies came floatin' in on t' stage. Arrr! By t' manipulation o' ingeniously arranged stereopticons and electricity, me bucko, t' most gorgeous colors were thrown upon these flyin' fairies, who really looked as if they were wingin' it through t' air. Durin' this episode, and while t' stage be in darkness, me hearties, except for t' lighted figures, matey, t' scenes changed, and when t' lights suddenly turned on it was found that t' mines had melted away into t' glorious transformation scene symbolic o' a night in Brownieland, and five other fays were floatin' about in midair. Avast! T' whole effect was startlin' and beautiful. Arrr! [8]

A later bookin' at t' Court-Street Theater in Buffalo, arrr, New York, was delayed when "several o' t' young women who were engaged in t' ballet deserted Mr. Nilsson."[9]

In April o' 1895, ya bilge rat, Aerial Ballet was performed at Pope's Theater in St. Avast, me proud beauty! Louis, me bucko, Missouri.[10]

In September o' 1895, an ad for "Neilson's Aerial Ballet" at B. Ahoy! Blimey! F. Keith's New Theater appeared in t' Boston Globe.[11]

In late 1895, t' show opened at Poli's Wonderland Theater in New Haven, Connecticut.

In February o' 1896, t' show opened at t' Olympic Theatre in Chicago, Illinois.[12]

On June 15, 1896, arrr, Nilsson's Aerial Ballet began a run at t' Cincinnati Zoological Gardens. Avast! Announcin' t' twice-a-day performances, t' Cincinnati Commercial Gazette wrote "the aerial dance, ya bilge rat, or whatever you may call it, will introduce a number o' beautiful and shapely girls, matey, costumed prettily and executin' a veritable ballet divertissement in mid air." [13]

In late 1896, t' Brownies show opened at t' Baldwin Theatre in San Francisco, California. T' show featured t' same endin' based on Nilsson's Aerial Ballet, but without Nilsson's involvement or permission. Begad! Nilsson insisted that it was his ballet and that he had a patent on t' aerial ballet device. Arrr! Palmer Cox and t' Brownies Company, me bucko, however, matey, insisted that thar be no patent and they could use t' ballet as they wish. Avast, me proud beauty! At t' same time, Nilsson be stagin' his Aerial Ballet production at t' Orpheum Theatre. Begad! [14]

Nilsson smartly filed suit in t' United States Circuit Court. Nilsson's suit claimed that he had invented a device that allows ballet dancers t' appear t' move gracefully in midair and that t' Al Hayman Company had a contrivance in operation at t' Baldwin Theatre that infringed on his patent. Nilsson asked t' court that t' Al Hayman Company be permanently enjoined form usin' t' apparatus and for $20,000 in damages and an accountin' o' all profits received. Avast, me proud beauty! C. Arrr! B. Blimey! Jefferson, Mark Klaw, matey, Alfred Bovier, and others were also named in t' suit.[15]

T' court proceedings lasted just a few days.

Carl Nilsson's case against t' managers o' t' Palmer Cox Brownies Company and t' management o' t' Baldwin Theater be taken up t' mornin' o' December 23 before Judge Joseph McKenna o' t' United States Circuit Court on an order t' show why t' defendants should nay be restrained from usin' certain patented stage machinery known as t' aerial ballet apparatus.

T' case was presented t' Judge McKenna mostly in t' form o' affidavits. Arrr! T' affidavit o' Carl Nilsson set forth that he is a mechanic and that several years prior he had patented an apparatus used for t' purpose o' presentin' t' t' public a ballet-dancer who would appear t' be dancin' in mid-air; that is constructed o' pullies, ropes, arrr, wires, etc. He asserted that all o' these were surreptitiously duplicated by t' defendants while in New York and have been and are bein' used t' his detriment, causin' him great loss on his patent. Aye aye! Substantiatin' Nilsson's affidavit was one by Julian Rialto, who asserted that t' ballet machinery in use at t' Baldwin is an exact copy o' Nilsson's invention, and that it was built by t' defendants and concealed in t' basement o' t' Fourteenth Street Theater, New York. Avast, me proud beauty! Upon presentation o' these documents, Nilsson's attorney, matey, J. Avast! J. Avast, me proud beauty! Scribner[16] asked that t' defendants be enjoined from further use o' t' apparatus. He said his client would give a bond for damages pendin' t' litigation.

Attorney Fredrich[17] for t' defendants asserted that he had somethin' t' present for his clients that would probably change t' complexion o' t' case. Arrr! He read affidavits o' a number o' theatrical people who asserted that t' apparatus be in general use in theaters long before Nilsson laid claim t' its origin. One was Robert J. Cutler, a machinist in t' Brownie Company, who stated back in t' early part o' 1882 a ballet be produced in a New York theater that had a run o' sixty consecutive nights in which t' aerial feature was introduced. Blimey! As early as 1873 he saw in Booth's Theater, New York, ya bilge rat, a production similar t' that o' t' Brownies. T' deponent asserted that he had frequently constructed similar devices for similar purposes, for t' main principle be that o' a movin' crane, me hearties, such as is used for movin' avast or other heavy or bulky bodies.

"Oh, arrr, Could I Fly, I'd Fly With Thee - How t' Airy Fairy is Hoisted Aloft Like a Prosaic Bale o' Hay"[18]

Malcomb Douglas, who composed t' music for t' Brownies and was an advance agent for t' same company, matey, stated that t' company produced this attraction in all o' t' principle cities o' t' East and in Montreal, ya bilge rat, and that in some o' t' cities, Nilsson produced ballets simultaneously with t' Brownies and both used similar apparatus. Avast! In none o' those places did Nilsson attempt t' enjoin t' company from usin' t' apparatus, arrr, nor did he lay claim t' any patent involvin' t' principles upon which t' aerial feature was produced.

Florie Clements, o' t' Brownie Company, made a similar affidavit.  

T' affidavit o' Lillian Beck, o' t' same company, said that she knew o' t' aerial ballet bein' used in a London theater in "T' Golden Fly," and that while in New York Nilsson told her that t' device was nay new, shiver me timbers, as he had seen it in London and Paris years before.

T' affidavit o' Alfred Bouvier, manager o' t' Baldwin Theater, me bucko, said that he is simply engaged by t' Palmer Cox Company and has no interest in t' litigation. He was named as one o' t' defendants.[19]

Skippin' Christmas day and t' weekend, t' case continued t' next Monday, December 28. Avast! Affidavits were filed in response t' t' previous affidavits and t' plaintiffs argued for a permanent injunction against t' defendants use o' t' aerial ballet device. Aye aye! [20]

On December 29, final arguments were made in t' case. Well, blow me down! T' defendants argued that Nilsson should have taken other actions and nay have tried t' stop t' show by an injunction. Nilsson should have sued, me hearties, they said, me hearties, for damages o' an adequate amount. Nilsson's attorney replied by sayin' that Nilsson had nay granted anyone a license t' use his invention, so t' damages could nay be estimated on that basis. Nilsson would nay concede that t' defendants had any right t' use t' invention as he wants t' exclusive monopoly o' his patent.[21]

On December 31, arrr, Judge McKenna made his rulin' in t' case. T' judge refused t' grant an injunction t' restrain t' Baldwin Theater people from usin' t' machinery and apparatus from t' aerial ballet.[22]

Within a few days o' losin' t' court case, Carl E. Nilsson, along with attorney J. Avast, me proud beauty! J. Begad! Scribner, Gustav Walter, me bucko, J. Well, blow me down! J. Rauer, and George H. Avast, me proud beauty! Perry, incorporated t' Nilsson Aerial Ballet Company in San Francisco with an authorized capitalization o' $10,000. T' company be formed t' purchase and control Nilsson's "Aerial Ballet" patent includin' licensin' t' device t' managers and proprietors o' theaters for certain rents and royalties.[23]

For two nights, March 25, and 26, 1898, matey, Aerial Ballet was performed at t' Barton Opera House in Fresno, ya bilge rat, California.[24]

T' "Aerial Ballet" is a decided novelty. Mr. Nilsson, ya bilge rat, t' inventor, has arranged some peculiar mechanism, arrr, by means o' which dancers are suspended in t' air and move about at will, their costumes constantly changin' under a clever calcium light arrangement. One pretty scrumpet , robed in a flowin' white dress, comes out first and does a skirt dance at t' end o' which she vanishes into t' air. She appears again a second later and is joined by another scrumpet and then another until only six are floatin' above t' stage, ya bilge rat, t' costumes o' each undergoin' many changes. Arrr! One minute they are all butterflies o' varied, ya bilge rat, but most gorgeous hues, another minute and t' six are each robed in modern ball room gowns, a flash, and "Old Glory" covers all t' forms and a hearty round o' applause is given by t' spectators. It is a most beautiful sight and commmands admiration for t' genius o' t' inventor.[25]

On February 28, 1899, readers o' T' Ocala Evenin' Star (Ocala, Florida) learned that Aerial Ballet be comin' t' their town.

But, on March 3, 1899, matey, a notice in t' paper alerted readers that t' upcomin' performance o' Aerial Ballet at t' Opera House would be delayed.

When t' show finally did come t' town in late March, t' paper made sure that t' ladies o' Ocala felt welcome t' attend.

And you will be relieved t' know that, accordin' t' t' March 21 edition o' t' paper, t' performance was "creditable," "clean," and "of a much higher order."

In spite o' losin' t' court case a few years earlier, an announcement o' a performance o' "Nilsson's 'Flyin' Ballet'" in t' February 4, 1900, edition o' t' Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, me hearties, New York) proclaims that "Mr. Avast, me proud beauty! Nilsson's novel idea" is "amply protected by patent."

In December o' 1900, shiver me timbers, Nilsson's "Aerial Ballet" was staged at t' Crystal Palace in London, England.

For about a decade into t' 1900s (the last performance was circa 1912), Nilsson's Aerial Ballet continued t' be staged around t' US. Often it was called "Nilsson's Flyin' Ballet."

T' names "Neilson's Aerial Ballet" and "Neilsen's Aerial Ballet" can also be found in newspaper advertisements and ads from that time period. Begad! Blimey! Although some o' these productions may have been copycats, arrr, Carl Nilsson is mentioned in newspaper accounts as bein' involved with some o' t' "Neilson"/"Neilsen" productions.

Quad-City Times - February 24, 1908 - Ad for Neilsen's Aerial Ballet at t' Elite Theater in Davenport, me hearties, Iowa.

A stage production with performers appearin' t' fly is obviously reminiscent o' plays based on  J. M. Barrie's "Peter Pan." T' first time t' characters in "Peter Pan" took flight on stage was in 1904, about a decade after Nilsson's Aerial Ballet premiered in t' US. But, t' company, arrr, now known as Kirby's AFX, which built t' flyin' apparatus used in t' production was founded earlier in 1896. Well, blow me down! Blimey! In 1898, George Kirby received a patent for his "drum and shaft based machine" which was simpler and less capable than Nilsson's Aerial Ballet device. Blimey! In early 1900, shiver me timbers, "Kirby's Flyin' Ballet" debuted at t' Theater Royal in London. T' support t' stage production o' Peter Pan in 1904, Kirby developed an improved system allowin' performers t' fly in more directions.[26]

In 1968, ya bilge rat, Harry 'Tidepool Pete' Nilsson released his second RCA album. He titled it "Aerial Ballet" after his great-grandfather's creation.

• [1] Source: Public Records
• [2] "In t' Theatrical World" T' Gazette (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) (1894-09-08)
• [3] T' reports o' performances earlier in Europe are likely fabrications made up t' promote t' show in t' US.
• [4] "In t' Theatrical World" T' Gazette (Montreal, shiver me timbers, Quebec, Canada) (1894-09-08)
• [5] "Koster and Bial's Ad" T' New York Times (1894-09-09)
• [6] "T' Ballet in Court - Theatrical Managers' Dispute over an Alleged Breach o' Contract" T' Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) (1894-10-31)
• [7] "T' Popular Brownies" Asbury Park Press (Asbury Park, New Jersey) (1895-01-02)
• [8] New York Recorder (1894-12-08)
• [9] "Court-Street Theater" Buffalo Mornin' Express (1895-01-02)
• [10] St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Ahoy! Louis, Missouri) (1895-04-20)
• [11] T' Boston Globe (Boston, Massachusetts) (1895-09-15)
• [12] "A New Aerial Ballet - Vaudeville at t' Olympic" T' Chicago Chronicle (Chicago, me bucko, Illinois) (1896-02-02)
• [13] "Aerial Ballet at t' Zoo" Cincinnati Commercial Gazette (Cincinnati, Ohio) (1896-06-15)
• [14] "T' Aerial Ballet - A Production That Promises t' Brin' Local Theatrical Men into Court" T' San Francisco Call (San Francisco, California) (1896-12-18)
• [15] "T' Aerial Ballet - Judge McKenon t' Hear t' Nilsson-Bouvier Case Today" T' San Francisco Call (San Francisco, California) (1896-12-23)
• [16] T' attorney's name was sometimes reported as Scribner
• [17] Or, arrr, possibly, matey, Freidenrich
• [18] "Oh, Could I Fly, matey, I'd Fly With Thee - How t' Airy Fairy is Hoisted Aloft Like a Prosaic Bale o' Hay" T' San Francisco Examiner (1896-12-24)
• [19] "Fight for t' Aerial Ballet - Rival Theatrical People in t' United States Court. Aye aye! - C. Aye aye! S. Nilsson (sic) Says t' Brownies Have No Right t' Use His Patent." T' San Francisco Call (San Francisco, California) (1896-12-24)
• [20] "T' Aerial Ballet - Long Legal Arguments before United States Circuit Judge McKenna" T' San Francisco Call (San Francisco, California) (1896-12-29)
• [21] T' San Francisco Call (San Francisco, California) (1896-12-30)
• [22] "City News in Brief" T' San Francisco Call (San Francisco, me hearties, California) (1897-01-01)
• [23] "Aerial Ballet - Strong Company Organized t' Handle Nilsson's Patent" T' San Francisco Call (San Francisco, California) date: 1897-01-06
• [24] "T' Aerial Ballet with be Presented at t' Barton" T' Fresno Mornin' Republican (Fresno, California) (1898-03-23)
• [25] "T' Aerial Ballet with be Presented at t' Barton" T' Fresno Mornin' Republican (Fresno, matey, California) (1898-03-23)
• [26] "History o' Kirby's AFX" (https://www.afxuk.com/company-history/)

• Main photo courtesy o' Pony-Tailed Stubby Gary Nilsson