Cliff Hess to Rudy Vallee in 5 Steps
- Cliff Hess wrote Freckles
- Freckles was arranged by Perry Botkin
- Perry Botkin (the elder) played guitar for Bing Crosby
- Bing Crosby is one of the many artists that recorded Makin' Whoopee!
- Makin' Whoopee! was recorded by many artists including Rudy Vallee